UASB反应器对印染废水中碳、氮、硫的协同去除研究

采用"UASB-缺氧好氧-混凝沉淀"组合工艺对印染废水进行中试处理研究.结果发现,UASB反应器不仅可以解决印染废水可生化性低、色度高的问题,还对废水中的碳、氮、硫具有协同去除作用,优化条件下UASB可将废水B/C从0.18~0.26提高至0.4以上,对色度、COD、TN、SO_4~(2-)、S~(2-)平均去除率分别为77.0%、36.4%、38.5%、77.5%、60.1%.同时,为了探究碳、氮、硫协同去除机理,对优化条件下的运行数据进行了分析并采用454高通量测序技术进行菌种鉴定.结果表明,UASB反应器内存在硫酸盐还原、厌氧氨化、同步脱硫反硝化和硝化反硝化4种作用,从而造成了碳、氮、硫的同步去除.菌种鉴定未发现产甲烷菌,说明产甲烷菌受到了抑制,UASB反应器很好地停留在了水解酸化阶段.进一步结合小试研究得出,硫酸盐还原是促使硝化反硝化、脱硫反硝化产生的原因,同时也促进了有机物去除.总体而言,硫酸盐还原促进了碳、氮、硫的协同去除.     

磁分离技术在水处理中的研究与应用进展

磁分离技术具有分离速率快、效率高、无二次污染、占地少、投资低、操作方便等优点,在水处理领域得到了越来越多的研究和应用,特别是随着超导高梯度磁分离技术以及磁分离器设计的进一步发展,其在水处理领域极具潜能.因此,本文通过文献调研,分析和总结了目前主要磁分离技术(例如,磁场直接应用、磁絮凝-磁分离、磁吸附-磁分离、磁催化-磁分离及磁分离耦合技术)在水处理领域的研究进展,介绍了近年来磁分离技术在国内水处理行业中的研究与实际工程应用推广现状,分析了磁分离技术应用于水处理领域的优势和当前应用中存在的限制,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.虽然磁分离技术目前已经成为水处理领域一项广泛应用的分离技术,但在机理研究、特异性磁种制备、磁体技术与磁分离器设计、磁分离工艺优化及实际的工程应用推广上仍存在一定的滞后,需要进一步的开展研究工作.     

羟基氧化铁催化臭氧氧化微污染有机物能效与机理研究

非均相金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化技术已日趋成熟,其中负载型催化剂使用较多,对羟基金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化技术展开讨论。羟基氧化铁可加快臭氧的氧化效率,提高有机物的可生化性,降低溴酸盐的形成。表面羟基位是目前流行的机理探究方向,但是对于催化臭氧氧化反应的活性位点仍未形成定论。金属氧化物催化剂因其操作简便和无附加能量投入得到重视,因此深入揭示多相催化臭氧化降解污染物催化机理,制备廉价、高效、易回收再利用的催化剂是未来研究的方向。     

介体厌氧催化活性艳红K-2BP脱色及构效特性研究

研究了筛选出的4种结构相似的醌类氧化还原介体对活性艳红K-2BP厌氧脱色的促进作用,并分析了介体促进效果与其化学结构活性相关性. 在35℃中温厌氧条件下,采用间歇批量实验法,测定不同体系中介体催化活性艳红K-2BP脱色效果.结果表明,①结构相似的醌类氧化还原介体蒽醌(AQ)、1,5-二氯蒽醌(1,5-AQ)、1,8-二氯蒽醌(1,8-AQ)和1,4,5,8-四氯蒽醌(1,4,5,8-AQ),均促进活性艳红K-2BP脱色,反应速率提高了1.4～3倍;②当醌类介体投加浓度为4 mmol·L^-1,活性艳红K-2BP染料浓度为300 mg·L^-1时,促进作用由大到小的顺序为:1,8-AQ>1,5-AQ>AQ>1,4,5,8-AQ;③ 当活性艳红K-2BP染料浓度为300 mg·L^-1时,1,8-AQ促进效果最佳且脱色速率常数随1,8-AQ浓度的增加而增加呈线性关系;④介体促进效果与介体取代基团数量、位置和电子共轭效应相关.本研究初步建立了氧化还原介体定性/定量构-效关系数学模型,探究和完善非水溶性氧化还原介体催化强化理论体系.     

吸附存储-间歇放电法氧化甲苯的反应过程研究

以SBA-15为催化剂,对比连续降解法和吸附存储-间歇放电法净化低浓度甲苯的活性,结果表明吸附存储-间歇放电法下甲苯去除率、碳平衡和CO2选择性更高.运用GC-MS分析了2种降解方式催化剂表面中间产物随时间的变化,苯甲醛进一步氧化分解进而打开苯环,是等离子体催化降解甲苯的控制步骤.对比SBA-15、Mn/SBA-15、Ag/SBA-15、AgMn/SBA-15 4种催化剂在吸附存储-间歇放电法下降解甲苯的活性.结果显示Ag和Mn的引入加速了对2-庚烯醇的氧化催化,AgMn/SBA-15表现出最好的碳平衡、CO2选择性.     

Co-fermentation of waste activated sludge with food waste for short-chain fatty acids production: effect of pH at ambient temperature

Effect of pH ranging from 4.0 to 11.0 on co-fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) with food waste for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production at ambient temperature was investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that the addition of food waste significantly improved the performance of WAS fermentation system, which resulted in the increases of SCFAs production and substrate reduction. The SCFAs production at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 and fermentation time of 4 d was respectively 5022.7, 6540.5, 8236.6, and 7911.7 mg COD·L^-1, whereas in the blank tests (no pH adjustment, pH 8.0 (blank test 1), no food waste addition, pH 8.0 (blank test 2), and no WAS addition (blank test 3)) it was only 1006.9, 971.1, and 1468.5 mg COD·L^-1, respectively. The composition of SCFAs at pH from 6.0 to 9.0 was also different from other conditions and propionic acid was the most prevalent SCFA, which was followed by acetic and n-butyric acids, while acetic acid was the top product under other conditions. At pH 8.0 a higher volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction of 16.6% for the mixture of WAS and food waste than the sole WAS indicated a synergistic effect existing in fermentation system with WAS and food waste. The influence of pH on the variations of nutrient content was also studied during anaerobic fermentation of the mixture of WAS and food waste at different pH conditions. The release of NH4+-N increased with fermentation time at all pH values investigated except 4.0, 5.0 and in blank test one. The concentrations of soluble phosphorus at acidic pHs and in the blank test one were higher than those obtained at alkaline pHs. Ammonia and phosphorus need to be removed before the SCFAs-enriched fermentation liquid from WAS and food waste was used as the carbon source.     

Removal of methylene blue by coupling black carbon adsorption with TiO2 photodegradation

In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by the coupling of black carbon (BC) and TiO₂ was investigated. The effects of different parameters such as catalyst dose, sorbent, initial concentrations of dye, pH of the solutions, recycles on discoloration, and chemical oxidation demand (COD) reduction of MB were monitored to optimize the reaction conditions. The discoloration and COD conversation rate of MB obtained by the coupling process were 100% after 90?min irradiation. The synergistic effect of MB-adsorption on BC followed by degradation through TiO₂ photocatalysis was proved by FT–IR spectrophotometer. The BC as by-product of natural materials is a promising adsorbent for waste water treatment.     

花青素联合酪蛋白多肽的协同抗损伤作用研究

目的观察花青素联合酪蛋白拮抗邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的致损伤作用.方法在大鼠外周血淋巴细胞培养物中注入一定剂量的花青素和一定剂量的酪蛋白,观察淋巴细胞的姐妹染色单体交换率(SCE).结果花青素可显著降低邻苯二甲酸二丁酯处理过的淋巴细胞SCE率;终浓度为90.8 ug/ml的酪蛋白和0.8×10-8mol/L的花青素在降低邻苯二甲酸二丁酯处理过的淋巴细胞SCE率方面存在较显著的协同效应.结论一定剂量的花青素和酪蛋白在拮抗邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的致损伤作用中存在着显著的协同效应;花青素单因素亦存在一定的拮抗作用.图1,表2,参5.     

The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal-catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.     

磁性水滑石双金属催化剂吸附-催化氢还原去除水中高氯酸盐的研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备磁性钯钴水滑石催化剂（M-Pd/Co@CHT）,用于吸附催化还原去除水中的高氯酸盐.同时,研究了不同溶液pH值、催化剂投加量、温度、共存离子和氢气流量等因素的影响,考察了吸附动力学和等温吸附过程.最后对反应前后材料进行表征,以明确吸附催化氢还原反应机理.结果表明：在较宽的pH范围（5~10）内,M-Pd/Co@CHT显示出对高氯酸盐较高、较稳定的吸附效率;伪二阶动力学模型和Langmuir模型能很好地拟合催化剂对高氯酸盐的吸附规律,说明该吸附过程是近似单层的化学吸附,最大单层吸附容量为172.65 mg·g^-1;温度、投加量和供氢气量对M-Pd/Co@CHT加氢催化还原高氯酸盐有显著的影响,当高氯酸盐初始浓度为10 mg·L^-1时,在最优实验条件下30 min可以去除约54%的高氯酸盐;利用XRD、FTIR、BET、XPS及VSM等手段对M-Pd/Co@CHT进行表征,结果表明,介孔M-Pd/Co@CHT可以有效吸附或催化高氯酸盐;高氯酸盐首先被吸附至M-Pd/Co@CHT上从而恢复其层状结构,而后在Pd/Co二元金属催化剂的作用下被氢还原去除;利用外加磁场能够实现材料的固液分离,可以有效地避免二次污染.